Nymphal description and life-cycle of Livilla retamae (Puton) and L. spectabilis (Fior) (Homoptera Psylloidea)

Abstract

The fifth instar nymph is described of Livilla retamae (Puton) and L. spectabilis (Flor) and notes are also reported on their geographical distribution, host plants and life-cycle. The first of the two species has a South Mediterranean distribution and lives on plants of the genus Retama Boissier; the second one, monophagous on Spartium junceum L., is diffused in South-Central-Western Europe and the Balcans. In Sicily, both species have a monovoltine cycle, characterized by a relevant adult longevity. Adults emerge in spring (April-May in L. spectabilis; May-June in L. retamae) but oviposit in autumn and during part of the following winter.