Atene, gli alleati e l’impero: symbolai e symbola tra V e IV secolo a.C.

Autori

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54103/1128-8221/22592

Parole chiave:

diritto greco antico, Atene, accordi interstatali, commercio, lega delio-attica

Abstract

L’obiettivo di questo articolo è quello di concentrarsi sui capitoli 2 e 4 dei Symbola di Philippe Gauthier e valutare fino a che punto la sua argomentazione principale, che sottolinea la differenza tra le symbolai «commerciali» (e procedurali) del V secolo e i symbola «giudiziari» (e sostanziali) del IV secolo, sia ancora valida. Il punto di partenza è che le symbolai si iscrivevano in un quadro giudiziario più ampio che comprendeva, accanto ad esse, accuse di natura politica sorte nelle poleis alleate e giudicate dai tribunali ateniesi e «processi» di natura amministrativa anch’essi giudicati ad Atene. Nella prima parte dell’articolo si sostiene che i confini tra symbolai e symbola erano più labili di quanto ipotizzato da Gauthier. I processi apo sumbolōn, quando sono attestati nei decreti ateniesi del V secolo, chiaramente non riguardano solo casi commerciali. Il termine symbolaion, in particolare, ha un significato più ampio (e più tecnico) di «affaire», «rapport d’affaire» (Gauthier) o «contract», e si può dimostrare che si riferisce a obbligazioni sia ex delicto che ex contractu. Le symbolai, in altre parole, coprivano casi legali riguardanti persone e beni. La seconda parte dell’articolo si concentra su alcune importanti prospettive suggerite dal libro di Gauthier per quanto riguarda l’impero ateniese e le relazioni di Atene con i suoi alleati. Si sostiene che la Lega delio-attica fosse anche un sistema economico che comportava, sin dalla sua fondazione, la creazione di una rete di accordi interstatali che rendevano possibile la libera e sicura circolazione di persone e merci.

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Pubblicato

2024-02-27

Fascicolo

Sezione

Rendere giustizia agli stranieri nella Grecia antica. A cinquant’anni dalla pubblicazione dei Symbola di Philippe Gauthier