Gli Anagrapheis ton nomon e la ‘riforma legislativa in evoluzione’ sullo sfondo della cultura giuridica ateniese alla fine del V secolo a.C.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54103/1128-8221/29739Parole chiave:
diritto attico, riforma legislativa, esame delle leggi, cultura giuridica, legislazione, Solone, leggi soloniane, legge di Draconte, anagrapheis tōn nomōn, processo di Nicomaco, processo di AndocideAbstract
L’articolo si propone di ricostruire le procedure di esame delle leggi (parte essenziale della “riforma legislativa in evoluzione”) nell’Atene della fine del V secolo, analizzandole in una prospettiva giuridico-culturale più ampia che evidenzi il ruolo fondamentale degli anagrapheis tōn nomōn nel rivelare le caratteristiche della cultura giuridica ateniese. Gli anagrapheis non erano né semplici trascrittori delle leggi né funzionari investiti di un’ampia autorità legislativa. La loro importanza risiede piuttosto nelle sfide logistiche di trovare, identificare e raccogliere le leggi durante la fase preparatoria, prima della presentazione all’ekklēsia per l’approvazione finale. Il lavoro degli anagrapheis non sottolinea la loro rilevanza individuale in sé, ma piuttosto la più ampia complessità, flessibilità e importanza dell’esame stesso delle leggi per l’Atene della fine del V secolo. La contestualizzazione del loro ruolo all’interno della “riforma legislativa in evoluzione” illumina quindi molteplici aspetti della cultura giuridica ateniese, che vanno dai modi di pensare il diritto agli atteggiamenti sociali nei confronti della legislazione, così come la materialità delle leggi e le complessità logistiche della ricerca dei testi giuridici, come la creazione di archivi o le modalità di pubblicazione delle leggi. Dopo aver presentato brevemente le fonti (II) e aver delineato il processo di Nicomaco (III), analizzo la documentazione per evidenziare le caratteristiche fondamentali del controllo giuridico, concentrandomi sul ruolo chiave degli anagrapheis (IV), e concludo ogni paragrafo considerando ciò che questo rivela sulla cultura giuridica ateniese (IV). Nelle sezioni finali (V-VI) viene presentato un esame più ampio delle procedure di controllo giuridico, delle complessità della riforma legislativa e delle loro connessioni con la cultura giuridica del tempo.
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