Ritornare a Schlick: semantica modellistica e uso descrittivo del linguaggi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13130/2240-9599/10363Abstract
In this article, I argue that fregean approach to semantics, like that of modelling semantics, doesn’t have the conceptual tools to define the notions of truth and reference. The reason is that these programs ignore what Wittgenstein taught us, namely the link between meaning and use. More specifically, I intend to show how a theory of descriptive language can only be constructed by clarifying the connection between the notions of linguistic game, meaning and description. But how can this connection be clarified? Wittgenstein, in the second phase of his thought, had never been interested in a theory of this type (ie the construction of a theory of descriptive use), and all his reflections on use and meaning had the sole purpose of “curing” from that essentialist attitude (the claim to capture the "essence" of the terms) that had characterized the Tractatus, and which still today characterizes almost the whole analytic philosophy. This means that it is not in Wittgenstein's thought that we can find such a theory, but in Moritz Schlick’s works, who attempted to build a theory of linguistic meaning based on the connection between the notions of image, use and verification.
Riferimenti bibliografici
Block N., 1986: An Advertisement for a Semantics for Psychology, «Midwest Studies in Philosophy» X, pp. 615-678.
Field H., 1978: Mental Representation, «Erkenntnis» XIII, pp. 9-61.
Gargani A.G., 1985: Lo stupore e il caso, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1985.
Johnson-Laird Ph., 1983: Mental Models, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press (tr. it. Modelli mentali, Bologna, Il Mulino, 1988).
Marconi D., 1999: La competenza lessicale, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1999.
McGinn M., 1982: «The Structure of Content», in A. Woodfield (ed. by), Thought and Object, Oxford, Clarendon, 1982, pp. 207-258.
Putnam H., 1981: «Brains in a Vat», in Reason, Truth and History, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1981, pp. 1-21 (tr. it. Ragione, verità e storia, Milano, Il Saggiatore, 1985).
Raimo G., 2013: La filosofia del linguaggio di Moritz Schlick, Milano-Udine, Mimesis, 2013.
Schlick M., AE: Allgemeine Erkenntnislehre, Berlin, Springer 1918, zweite Auflage Berlin, Springer 1925 (rist. Frankfurt am Main, Suhrkamp 1979; tr. it. condotta sulla seconda edizione Teoria generale della conoscenza, Milano, Franco Angeli, 1986).
Schlick M., FC: Form and Content. An Introduction to Philosophical Thinking (1932), in Schlick M., Gesammelte Aufsätze 1926-1936, hrsg. v. F. Waismann, Vienna, Gerold, 1938, pp. 151-249 (tr. it. Forma e Contenuto, Torino, Boringhieri, 1987).
Schlick M., MV: Meaning and verification, «The philosophical review» XLV (1936), pp. 339-369 (ora in Schlick M., Philosophische Logik, Frankfurt am Main, Suhrkamp, 1986, pp. 266-299; tr. it. «Significato e Verificazione», in Il neoempirismo, Torino, Utet, 1969, pp. 323-358).
Tarski A., 1944: The Semantic Conception of Truth and the Foundations of Semantics, «Philosophy and Phenomenological Research» IV, pp. 341-375 (poi in L. Linsky [a cura di], Semantics and the Philosophy of Language, Urbana-Chicago, University of Illinois Press, 1952; tr. it. La concezione semantica della verità e i fondamenti della semantica, in L. Linsky (a cura di), Semantica e filosofia del linguaggio, Milano, Il Saggiatore, 1969, pp. 27-74).
Wittgenstein L., BT: Big Typescript (dettato nel 1932), in The Collected Manuscripts of Ludwig Wittgenstein on Facsimile CD Rom, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1997 (ora in Wittgenstein L., The Big Typescript TS 213 German-English Scholars’ Edition, ed. by C. Grant Luckhardt - M.A.E. Aue, Oxford, Blackwell, 2005; tr. it. Big Typescript, Torino, Einaudi, 2002).
Wittgenstein L., KL: Wittgenstein’s Lectures, ed. by D. Lee, Oxford, Blackwell, 1980; trad. it. Lezioni 1930-1932, Milano, Adelphi, 1995.
Wittgenstein L., PB: Philosophische Bemerkungen (1929-1930 circa), ed. by R. Rhees, Oxford, Blackwell, 1964 (tr. it. Osservazioni filosofiche, Torino, Einaudi, 1976).
Wittgenstein L., PG: Philosophische Grammatik (1929-1934), ed. by R. Rhees, Oxford, Blackwell, 1969 (ed. by Grammatica filosofica, Firenze, La Nuova Italia, 1990).
Wittgenstein L., PU: Philosophische Untersuchungen (I 1945; II 1947-49), ed. by G.E.M. Anscombe - R. Rhees, Oxford, Blackwell (tr. it. Ricerche filosofiche, Torino, Einaudi, 1967).
Wittgenstein L., T: Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, London, Routledge, 1922 (tr. it. Tractatus logico- philosophicus, Torino, Einaudi, 1989).
Wittgenstein L., WWK: Wittgenstein und der Wiener Kreis (1929-1932), collected by F. Weismann, ed. by B.F. McGuinness, Oxford, Blackwell, 1967 (tr. it., Ludwig Wittgenstein e il circolo di Vienna, Firenze, Nuova Italia, 1975).
