Thematic Section
“Io sono Valentina Nappi 3D”. Personalization and Empathy in VR Pornography
Author(s)
Keywords
- Embodiment
- Pornography
- Virtual Reality
- Body
- Feminism
Abstract
This essay aims to investigate the relationship between the personalization of pornography and empathy in virtual reality pornography, with a focus on the figure and work of Valentina Nappi. The performer’s body, conceived as a site of social, political, and economic tensions, will be examined within the framework of pornographic immersivity and the potential for heightened empathic engagement. By adopting a postfeminist lens and applying to Valentina Nappi’s work an interpretative framework grounded in concepts such as choice, personal agency, and empowerment, the issue of empathy, and its deliberate absence, in VR pornography can be reinterpreted as a strategic, entrepreneurial, and provocative choice, consistent with both the professional trajectory and the public persona of the performer. The ability of VR to connect humans through immersive and networked virtual environments (Evans 2020, 2) takes on a unique significance when it comes to emotional connections with an audience accustomed to the online presence of Valentina Nappi, who combines the performance of pornographic corporeality with a distinctive social, cultural, and political persona. Her public identity is characterized by a layered and often unresolved interplay of seemingly contradictory attributes, which in turn contribute to shaping and diversifying her image as a porn performer. While the sensual grasp of the cinematic object of desire is only partially fulfilled, the immersivity of virtual reality introduces new possibilities for spectator participation and identification.
References
- Ashton, Sarah, Kim McDonald, and Maggie Kirkman. 2019. “Pornography and sexual relationships: Discursive challenges for young women.” Feminism & Psychology 30 (4): 160–177. 10.1177/0959353520918164.
- Attwood, Feona. 2006. “Sexed Up: Theorizing the Sexualization of Culture.” Sexualities 9 (1): 77–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/136346070605333.
- Breslin, Samantha. 2018. “Porn’s Uncanney Valley.” The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2018/06/porns-uncanny-valley/561521/.
- Brophy, Matthew. 2010. “Sex, Lies, and Virtual Reality.” In The Philosophy of Sex: Contemporary Readings, edited by David Monroe. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444324693.ch16.
- Cotton, Matthew. 2021. Virtual Reality. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Evans, Leighton. 2020. “‘The Embodied Empathy Revolution…’: Pornography and the Contemporary State of Consumer Virtual Reality.” Porn Studies 7 (4): 121–127. https://10.1080/23268743.2020.1777894.
- Evans, Leighton. 2019. The Re-Emergence of Virtual Reality. Routledge.
- Gill, Rosalind. 2007. “Postfeminist Media Culture: Elements of a Sensibility.” European Journal of Cultural Studies 10 (2): 147–166. https://doi.org/10.1177/13675494070758.
- Maina, Giovanna. 2010. “Piaceri identitari e (porno)subculture.” In Il porno espanso. Dal cinema ai nuovi media, edited by Enrico Biasin, Giovanna Maina, Federico Zecca, 197–228. Mimesis.
- Maina, Giovanna, and Federico Zecca. 2024. “When did ‘the true king of hardcore’ start to cry? Investigating Rocco Siffredi’s stardom.” Porn Studies 12: 101–130. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23268743.2024.2415636.
- Maddison, Stephen. 2013. “Beyond the Entrepreneurial Voyeur? Sex, Porn and Cultural Politics.” New Formations 80–81, 102-118,0.3898/NEWF.80/81.06.
- McNair, Brian. 2002. Striptease Culture: Sex, Media and the Democratization of Desire. Routledge.
- McRobbie, Angela. “Post‐feminism and popular culture.” Feminist Media Studies, 4 (3): 255–264. https://doi.org/10.1080/1468077042000309937.
- McRobbie, Angela. 2009. The Aftermath of Feminism: Gender, Culture and Social Change. SAGE Publications.
- Ortoleva, Peppino. 2009. Il secolo dei media. Riti, abitudini, mitologie. il Saggiatore.
- Paasonen, Susanna. 2011. Carnal Resonance: Affect and Online Pornography. MIT Press.
- Schöne, Benjamin, Joanna Kisker, Leon Lange, Thomas Gruber, Sophia Sylvester, and Roman Osinsky. 2023. The Reality of Virtual Reality. Frontiers in Psychology 14.
- Sobchack, Vivian. 2000. Carnal Thoughts: Embodiment and Moving Image Culture. University of California Press.
- Taormino, Tristan, Constance Penley, Celine Parreñas Shimizu, and Mireille Miller-Young, eds. 2013. The Feminist Porn Book: The Politics of Producing Pleasure. The Feminist Press at CUNY.
- Tasker, Yvonne, and Diane Negra. 2007. Interrogating Postfeminism: Gender and the Politics of Popular Culture. Duke University Press.
- Tincknell, Estella. 2011. “Scourging the Abject Body: Ten Years of Reality TV in the UK.” New Review of Film and Television Studies 9 (1): 21–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/17400309.2011.521720.
Published
17 June 2026
How to Cite
Downloads
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.