La linea e il cerchio. Richard Flanagan e «la strana, terribile infinità degli esseri umani»
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13130/2037-2426/14442Parole chiave:
Post-postmodernismo, Letteratura contemporanea, Seconda Guerra Mondiale, Richard Flanagan, BuddismoAbstract
L’articolo discute la rappresentazione della Seconda Guerra Mondiale negli anni Duemila, e nello specifico il superamento sia del paradigma postmemoriale che dell’historiographic metafiction postmoderna, usando come case study La strada stretta verso il profondo Nord dell’australiano Richard Flanagan (The Narrow Road to the Deep North; 2013). In questo articolo intendo illustrare come La strada stretta verso il profondo Nord, recuperando e riaggiornando i modi del romanzo tradizionale, offra una rappresentazione problematica (anti-retorica e anti-nazionalistica) della Seconda Guerra Mondiale, e come, per farlo, si serva di forme d’arte (l’haiku, l’ensō) e di concetti del buddismo zen. Lungi dal rappresentare un’aggiunta ornamentale, i riferimenti al buddismo zen amplificano e approfondiscono le problematiche analizzate nel libro, dalla memoria della guerra in Australia e Giappone alle strutture di potere coloniali fino a una concezione della storia conoscibile ma non monolitica, bensì dinamica e plastica.
Riferimenti bibliografici
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Burne, Peter. Descent into Hell. The Fall of Singapore – Pudu and Changi – The Thai-Burma Railway. Allen and Unwin, 2014.
Calder, Angus. The Myth of the Blitz. Pimlico, 1991.
Caprio, Mark E. Japanese Assimilation Policies in Colonial Korea, 1910-1945. University of Washington Press, 2009.
Cicuzza, Claudio, e Francesco Sferra. “Glossario.” La rivelazione del Buddha. I testi antichi, a cura di Raniero Gnoli, Mondadori 2001, pp. 1325-1359.
Daizen Victoria, Brian. Zen at War. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2006.
Davis Hanson, Victor. The Western Way of War. Infantry Battle in Classical Greece. California University Press, 1989.
Dixon, Robert. “‘Communications from Below’. Scalar Transformations in Richard Flanagan’s The Narrow Road to the Deep North (2013) and Steven Carrol’s A World of Other People (2013).” Antipodes, 31, 1, 2017, pp. 184-205.
Duthie, Fiona. “Enemies of Honor: Heroes and Prisoners of War in Richard Flanagan’s The Narrow Road to the Deep North and Tom Keneally’s Shame and the Captives.” Antipodes, 30, 1, 2016, pp. 159–171.
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Scurati, Antonio. Guerra. Narrazioni e culture nella tradizione occidentale. Donzelli, 2003.
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Smith, Rupert. The Utility of Force. The Art of War in the Modern World. Penguin Books, 2006.
Seo, Audrey Yoshiko. Ensō. Zen Circles of Enlightenment. Weatherhill, 2007.
Staniforth, Martin. “‘Shades of the prison house’: Reading Richard Flanagan’s The Narrow Road to the Deep North and Peter Carey’s Amnesia.” Journal of Postcolonial Writing, 53, 5, 2017, pp. 578-589.
Tanaka, Yuki. Hidden Horrors. Japanese War Crimes in World War II. Westview Press, 1996.
Toth, Josh. “Toni Morrison’s Beloved and the Rise of Historioplastic Metafiction.” Metamodernism. Historicity, Affect, and Depth After Postmodernism, a cura di Robin van den Akker, Alison Gibbons, and Timotheus Vermeulen, Rowman & Littlefield, 2017, pp. 41-53.
---. “Historioplastic Metafiction. Tarantino, Nolan, and the ‘Return to Hegel’.” Cultural Critique, 99, 2018, pp. 1-30.
Tsurumi, Patricia E. “Colonial Education in Korea and Taiwan.” The Japanese Colonial Empire, a cura di Ramon H. Myers e Mark R. Peattie, Princeton University Press, 1984, pp. 275-311.
Ueda, Shizuteru. Zen e filosofía. L’Epos, 2006.
Utsumi, Aiko, Ikemi Nakamura e Gil Heong-yun. “Lee Hak Rae, the Korean Connection and Japanese War Crimes on the Burma-Thai Railway.” The Asia Pacific Journal 5, 8, 2007. Consultabile presso: http://apjjf.org/-Aiko-Utsumi/2505/article.html [ultimo accesso: 27/07/20].
Van Creveld, Martin. The Transformation of War. The Free Press, 1991.
Wieviorka, Annette. L’Ère du Témoin. Plon, 1998.
Atkins, Taylor E. Primitive Selves. Koreana in the Japanese Colonial Gaze, 1910-1945. University of California Press, 2010.
Autore, Migi. Le dieci icone del bue. L’incanto poetico della via del risveglio in un antico testo Ch’an Zen. Erga Edizioni, 1991.
Bashō. Bashō’s Journey. The Literary Prose of Matsuo Bashō. A cura di e tradotto da David Landis Barnhill, State University of New York Press, 2005.
Bauman, Zygmunt. Modernity and the Holocaust. Polity, 1989.
Beaumont, Joan e Andrea Witcomb. “The Thai-Burma Railway. Asymmetrical and Transnational Memories.” The Pacific War: Aftermaths. Remembrance and Culture, a cura di Christina Twomey e Ernest Koh. Routledge, 2015, pp. 67-87.
Benesch, Oleg. Inventing the Way of the Samurai. Nationalism, Internationalism, and Bushidō in Modern Japan. Oxford University Press, 2014.
Birns, Nicholas. “The New Historical Novel. Putting Mid-Twentieth-Century Australia into Perspective.” Commonwealth Essays and Studies, 41, 1, 2018, pp. 7-18.
Bowden, Tim. The Changi Camera. A Unique Record of Changi and the Thai-Burma Railway. Hachette, 2012.
Burne, Peter. Descent into Hell. The Fall of Singapore – Pudu and Changi – The Thai-Burma Railway. Allen and Unwin, 2014.
Calder, Angus. The Myth of the Blitz. Pimlico, 1991.
Caprio, Mark E. Japanese Assimilation Policies in Colonial Korea, 1910-1945. University of Washington Press, 2009.
Cicuzza, Claudio, e Francesco Sferra. “Glossario.” La rivelazione del Buddha. I testi antichi, a cura di Raniero Gnoli, Mondadori 2001, pp. 1325-1359.
Daizen Victoria, Brian. Zen at War. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2006.
Davis Hanson, Victor. The Western Way of War. Infantry Battle in Classical Greece. California University Press, 1989.
Dixon, Robert. “‘Communications from Below’. Scalar Transformations in Richard Flanagan’s The Narrow Road to the Deep North (2013) and Steven Carrol’s A World of Other People (2013).” Antipodes, 31, 1, 2017, pp. 184-205.
Duthie, Fiona. “Enemies of Honor: Heroes and Prisoners of War in Richard Flanagan’s The Narrow Road to the Deep North and Tom Keneally’s Shame and the Captives.” Antipodes, 30, 1, 2016, pp. 159–171.
Flanagan, Richard. The Narrow Road to the Deep North. Random House, 2013a. Tradotto da Elena Malanga, La strada stretta verso il profondo Nord. Bompiani, 2018.
---. “Freeing my father.” The Sydney Morning Herald, 21/11/2013b. Consultabile presso http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/books/freeing-my-father-20130915-2ttiz.html [ultimo accesso: 27/07/2020]
---. “Richard Flanagan Webchat – As It Happened.” The Guardian, 8/10/2014. Consultabile presso: https://www.theguardian.com/books/live/2014/oct/08/post-your-questions-for-richard-flanagan [ultimo accesso: 27/07/20].
Ghilardi, Marcello. Arte e pensiero in Giappone. Corpo, immagine, gesto. Mimesis, 2011.
Gier, Nicholas F. The Origins of Religious Violence. An Asian Perspective. Lexington Books, 2014.
Heine, Steven e Dale S. Wright. “Introduction: Kōan Tradition – Self-Narrative and Contemporary Perspectives.” The Kōan. Texts and Contexts in Zen Buddhism, a cura di Steve Heine e Dale S. Wright, Oxford University Press, 2000, pp. 3-14.
Hirsch, Marianne. Family Frames. Photography, Narrative and Postmemory. Harvard University Press, 2002.
---. The Generation of Postmemory. Writing and Visual Culture After the Holocaust. Columbia University Press, 2012.
Hotta, Eri. Pan-Asianism and Japan’s War 1931-1945. Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
Hutcheon, Linda. The Poetics of Postmodernism. Routledge, 1988.
Kato, Megumi. “Testimony of War: Australian Memoirs and Fiction in the Pacific War.” Life Writing, 14, 4, 2017, pp. 475-484.
Kerkham, Eleanor. “Introduction. Haikai Intersections.” Matsuo Bashō’s Poetic Spaces. Exploting Haikai Intersections, a cura di Eleanor Kerkham, Palgrave Macmillan, 2006, pp. 1-22.
Lobetti, Tullio Federico. Ascetic Practices in Japanese Religion. Routledge, 2014.
McKay, Daniel. “Guarded Truths: Korean Characters in POW Narratives and POW Narratives in Korean History.” Studia Neophilologica, 90, 1, 2018, pp. 44-55.
Mumon, Yamada. Lectures on the Ten Oxherding Pictures. University of Hawai’I Press, 2004.
Parker, Geoffrey. The Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare. The Triumph of the West. Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Pasqualotto, Giangiorgio. L’estetica del vuoto. Marsilio, 1992.
---. Figure di pensiero. Marsilio, 2007.
Rhee, M.J. The Doomed Empire: Japan in Colonial Korea. Ashgate, 1997.
Scurati, Antonio. Guerra. Narrazioni e culture nella tradizione occidentale. Donzelli, 2003.
---. “Un sanguinoso desiderio di luce. Le forme della guerra come invenzione letteraria.” Un fascino osceno. Guerra e violenza nella letteratura e nel cinema, a cura di Stefano Rosso, ombre corte, 2006, pp. 17-29.
Smith, Rupert. The Utility of Force. The Art of War in the Modern World. Penguin Books, 2006.
Seo, Audrey Yoshiko. Ensō. Zen Circles of Enlightenment. Weatherhill, 2007.
Staniforth, Martin. “‘Shades of the prison house’: Reading Richard Flanagan’s The Narrow Road to the Deep North and Peter Carey’s Amnesia.” Journal of Postcolonial Writing, 53, 5, 2017, pp. 578-589.
Tanaka, Yuki. Hidden Horrors. Japanese War Crimes in World War II. Westview Press, 1996.
Toth, Josh. “Toni Morrison’s Beloved and the Rise of Historioplastic Metafiction.” Metamodernism. Historicity, Affect, and Depth After Postmodernism, a cura di Robin van den Akker, Alison Gibbons, and Timotheus Vermeulen, Rowman & Littlefield, 2017, pp. 41-53.
---. “Historioplastic Metafiction. Tarantino, Nolan, and the ‘Return to Hegel’.” Cultural Critique, 99, 2018, pp. 1-30.
Tsurumi, Patricia E. “Colonial Education in Korea and Taiwan.” The Japanese Colonial Empire, a cura di Ramon H. Myers e Mark R. Peattie, Princeton University Press, 1984, pp. 275-311.
Ueda, Shizuteru. Zen e filosofía. L’Epos, 2006.
Utsumi, Aiko, Ikemi Nakamura e Gil Heong-yun. “Lee Hak Rae, the Korean Connection and Japanese War Crimes on the Burma-Thai Railway.” The Asia Pacific Journal 5, 8, 2007. Consultabile presso: http://apjjf.org/-Aiko-Utsumi/2505/article.html [ultimo accesso: 27/07/20].
Van Creveld, Martin. The Transformation of War. The Free Press, 1991.
Wieviorka, Annette. L’Ère du Témoin. Plon, 1998.
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Pubblicato
09-07-2021
Come citare
Malvestio, M. (2021). La linea e il cerchio. Richard Flanagan e «la strana, terribile infinità degli esseri umani». ENTHYMEMA, (27), 44–61. https://doi.org/10.13130/2037-2426/14442
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Ricevuto 2020-10-22
Accettato 2021-04-23
Pubblicato 2021-07-09
Accettato 2021-04-23
Pubblicato 2021-07-09
