Lombard Sculpture: Archaeology of a Historiographical Concept

Autori/Autrici

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54103/fenestella/29283

Parole chiave:

Storiografia, Lombardia, Scultura lombarda, romanico, massoni

Abstract

Questo articolo esplora la formazione e l'affermazione del mito dello «stile lombardo» esaminando due secoli di produzione letteraria in Gran Bretagna e negli Stati Uniti. Il suo obiettivo è quello di scavare nel modo in cui il concetto di arte lombarda si è formato e trasformato nel tempo, e nelle motivazioni storiche, culturali o artistiche che hanno portato gli studiosi a considerarlo uno stile eccezionale.

Downloads

I dati di download non sono ancora disponibili.

Riferimenti bibliografici

Adams E., Epic History and the Novel: Gibbon, Ruskin, Adams, and the Decline and Fall of Country-House Civilization, Ph.D Diss., Yale University 1993.

Anderson J., The constitutions of the Freemasons. Containing the History, Charges, Regulations, etc. of that most Ancient and Right Worshipful Fraternity, London 1723.

Armi C.E., Design and Construction in Romanesque Architecture: First Romanesque Architecture and the Pointed Arch in Burgundy and Northern Italy, Cambridge 2004.

Armi C.E., The Brick System of Romanesque Architecture: the Lombard Band and Its Transformation in Catalonia and France, Rome 2017.

Barry J., The Works of James Barry esq, Historical Painter, London 1809. Beckwith J., Early Medieval Art, New York 1964.

Bella T., La basilica di Sant’Ambrogio a Milano: l’opera inedita di Fernand de Dartein, Milano 2013.

Bizzarro T.W., Romanesque Architectural Criticism: A Prehistory, Cambridge 1992. Bleeke M., Romanesque, «Studies in Iconography» 33 (2012): 257-267.

Bornstein C. V., Portals and Politics in the Early Italian City-State: the Sculpture of Nicholaus in Context, Parma 1988.

Brush K., Arthur Kingsley Porter and the Transatlantic Shaping of Art History, ca. 1910- 1930, in R. Suominen-Kokkonen (ed.), The Shaping of Art History in Finland, Helsinki 2007: 129-142.

Brush K., Bernard Berenson and Arthur Kingsley Porter: Pilgrimage Roads to I Tatti, in J. Connors, L.A. Waldman (eds), Bernard Berenson: Formation and Heritage, Cambridge 2014: 249-268.

Brush K., Medieval art through the Camera Lens: The Photography of Arthur Kingsley Porter and Lucy Wallace Porter, «Visual resources» 33/3-4 (2017): 252-294.

Brush K., Blazing “the Way”: Arthur Kingsley Porter’s first trip to Northern Spain (1920), «Ad limina» 9 (2018): 225-245.

Brush K., A North American Aby Warburg? Frontier Mythology and Medieval Europe in the Scholarly Imagination of Arthur Kingsley Porter, «Marburger Jahrbuch für Kunstwissenschaft» 49 (2022): 7-42.

Buettner B., Diebold W. (eds), Medieval Art, Modern Politics, Berlin – Boston 2025.

Bullen J. B., The Romanesque Revival in Britain, 1800-1840: William Gunn, William Whewell, and Edmund Sharpe, «Architectural History» 47 (2004): 139-158.

Calkins R. G., Monuments of Medieval Art, Oxford 1979.

Camus M.-T., Fernand de Dartein: le « Journal de mission » en Italie (1860-61), in A.C. Quintavalle (ed.), Medioevo: immagine e racconto, atti del convegno (Parma, 27-30 settembre 2000), Milano 2003: 507-515.

Clarke B.F.L., Church Builders of the Nineteenth Century. A Study of the Gothic Revival in England, New York 1969.

Connelly F.S., John Ruskin and the Savage Gothic, «Journal of Art Historiography» 12 (2015).

Conway M. (review of), A. K. Porter, Lombard Architecture, New Haven 1915-17, « The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs» 193 (1919): 131-140.

Cunningham D.K., (Re)-constructing a Passion: The Pontile of Modena Cathedral, Ph.D Diss., The Ohio State University 2003.

Curran K., The German Rundbogenstil and Reflections on the American Round-Arched Style, «Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians» 47 (1988): 351-373.

Curran K., The Romanesque Revival: Religion, Politics, and Transnational Exchange, University Park 2003.

Diebold W.J., Baby or Bathwater? Josef Strzygowski’s “Ruins of Tombs of the Latin Kings on the Haram in Jerusalem” (1936) and Its Reception, in I. Foletti, F. Lovino (eds), Orient oder Rom? History and Reception of a Historiographical Myth (1901-1970), Roma – Brno 2018: 65-78.

Dundjerski M., UCLA: The First Century, London – Los Angeles 2011.

Fee C.E., Per Sanctum Vultum de Luca! Il Volto Santo and its Relic Cult During the Late Eleventh through Thirteenth Centuries, Ph.D Diss., The Florida State University 2015. Fernie E., Romanesque Architecture: the First Style of the European Age, New Haven 2014.

Foucault M., L’Archéologie du savoir, Paris 1969.

Gandolfo F., Mito e realtà dell’arte “lombarda”, in A.C. Quintavalle (ed.), Il Medioevo delle cattedrali. Chiesa e Impero: la lotta delle immagini (secoli XI e XII), Milano 2006: 357-366.

Geymonat L.V., The Parma Baptistery and its Pictorial Program, Ph.D Diss., Princeton University 2006.

Gibbon E., The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, H.H. Milman (ed.), London 1836.

Glass D.F., “Quo Vadis”: The Study of Italian Romanesque Sculpture at the Beginning of the Third Millenium, «Studies in Iconography» 28 (2007): 1-22.

Glass D. F., The Sculpture of Reform in North Italy: ca 1095-1130. History and Patronage of Romanesque Façades, Farnham 2010.

Glass D.F., Romanesque New York, in W. Angelelli, F. Pomarici (eds), Forme e storia: scritti di arte medievale e moderna per Francesco Gandolfo, Roma 2011: 603-610.

Grose F., The Antiquities of England and Wales, London 1783-1797, 8 vols. Guarisco G. (ed.), Fernand de Dartein: la figura, l’opera, l’eredità, Firenze 2012.

Guarisco G., Bella T. (eds), Fernand de Dartein e l’architettura romanica comasca: viaggio in un archivio inesplorato, Ariccia 2015.

Gunn W., An Inquiry into the Origin and Influence of Gothic Architecture, London 1819. Hearn M. F., Romanesque Sculpture: The Revival of Monumental Stone Sculpture in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries, Ithaca 1981.

Hewison R., John Ruskin: The Argument of the Eye, Princeton 1976.

Hope T., An Historical Essay on Architecture by the late Thomas Hope, illustrated by Drawings made by him in Italy and Germany, London 1835, 2 vols.

Houriane C., Romanesque Sculpture in Northern Europe, in C. Rudolph (ed.), A Companion to Medieval Art, Hoboken 2019: 417-438.

Jacob M.C., Living the Enlightenment: Freemasonry and Politics in Eighteenth-Century Europe, New York 1991.

Kessler H.L., On the State of Medieval Art History, «The Art Bulletin» 70/2 (1988): 166- 187.

Kite S., Building Ruskin’s Italy. Watching Architecture, Farnham 2012.

Lakey C.R., Sculptural Seeing: Relief, Optics, and the Rise of Perspective in Medieval Italy, New Haven 2018.

Lakey C.R., Relief in Perspective: Medieval Italian Sculpture and the Rise of Optical Aesthetics, Ph.D Diss., University of California, Berkeley 2009.

Leuchak M.R., “The Old World for the New”: Developing the Design for the Cloisters, «Metropolitan Museum Journal» 23 (1988): 257-277.

Lethaby W.R., Medieval Art. From the Peace of the Church to the Eve of the Renaissance, 312-1350, London 1904.

Lindsay A.C., Sketches of the History of Christian Art, London 1847, 3 vols.

Lomartire S., Tra mito e realtà: riflessioni sull’attività dei magistri “comacini” nell’Italia del nord tra XII e XIV secolo, in S. Della Torre (ed.), Magistri d’Europa. Eventi, relazioni, strutture della migrazione di artisti e costruttori dai laghi Lombardi, atti del convegno (Como 23-26 ottobre 1996), Milano 1996: 139-154.

Lomartire S., Comacini, Campionesi, Antelami, “Lombardi”: problemi terminologici e storiografici, in P. Freixas I Camps, J. Camps I Sòria (eds), Els Comacini i l’arquitectura romànica a Catalunya, Simposi internacional (25 i 26 de novembre de 2005), Girona 2010: 9-31.

Lugli E., Pietre di paragone: The Production of Spatial Order in the Twelfth-Century Lombard City, Ph.D Diss., New York University 2009.

Lugli E., The Making of Measure and the Promise of Sameness, Chicago 2019.

Marina A., The Urbanistic Transformation of Parma in the Age of the Commune, Ph.D Diss., New York University 2004.

Marina A., The Italian Piazza Transformed: Parma in the Communal Age, University Park 2012.

Maxwell R.A., Ambrose K., Introduction: Romanesque Sculpture Studies at a Crossroads, in R.A. Maxwell, K. Ambrose (eds), Current Directions in Eleventh- and Twelfth-Century Sculpture Studies, Turnhout 2010: 1-22.

Maxwell R.A., Modern Origins of Romanesque Sculpture, in C. Rudolph (ed.), A Companion to Medieval Art, Hoboken 2019: 439-462.

McKinne J.E., The Church of S. Maria e S. Sigismondo in Rivolta d’Adda and the Double- Bay System in Northern Italy in the Late Eleventh and Early Twelfth Centuries, Ph.D Diss., University of California, Berkeley, 1985.

Melius J., “Fossil-creatures” and the “mockeries of life”: Ruskin at Verona, «The Sculpture Journal» 32/2 (2023): 233-249.

Morey C.R., Mediaeval Art, New York 1942.

Nicolai B., Arthur Kingsley Porter (1883 - 1933), in H. Dilly (ed.), Altmeister moderner Kunstgeschichte, Berlin 1990: 220-232.

North R., Of Building, in H. Colvin, J. Newman (eds), Of Building. Roger North’s Writings on Architecture, Oxford 1981: 109-114.

Payne A.A., Architectural History and the History of Art: A Suspended Dialogue, «The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians» 58 (1999): 292-299.

Perkins C.C., Historical Handbook of Italian Sculpture, London 1883.

Peroni A., Per l’XI secolo dell’architettura lombarda. Da Arthur Kingsley Porter a Wart Arslan, a Paolo Verzone, a Gaetano Panazza, in A. Segnagni, L.C. Schiavi (eds), Architettura dell’XI secolo nell’Italia del Nord. Storiografia e nuove ricerche, Pisa 2013: 9-14.

Pierson W.H. Jr., Richard Upjohn and the American Rundbogenstil, «Winterthur Portfolio» 21/4 (1986): 233-242.

Porter A.K., Medieval Architecture. Its Origins and Developments, New York – London 1909.

Porter A. K., Lombard Architecture, New Haven 1915-1917.

Porter A.K., The Development of Sculpture in Lombardy in the Twelfth Century, «American Journal of Archaeology» 19/2 (1915): 137-154.

Porter A.K. (a), Romanesque Sculpture of the Pilgrimage Roads, Boston 1923.

Porter A.K (b)., Bari Modena and St.-Gilles, «The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs» 43/245 (1923): 58-67.

Pownall T., Observations on the Origin and Progress of Gothic Architecture, and on the Corporation of Free Masons supposed to be Establishers of it as a regular Order, «Archaeologia, or Miscellaneous Tracts relating to Antiquity» 9 (1789): 110-123.

Quintavalle A.C., Arte lombarda, medioevo e idea di nazione: dalla storia dell’arte al romanzo, in A.C. Quintavalle (ed.), Medioevo: arte lombarda, atti del convegno (Parma, 26-29 settembre 2001), Milano 2004: XI-XXIV.

Radcliffe A.G., Schools and Masters of Sculpture, New York 1894.

Riegl A., Das holländische Gruppenporträt, «Jahrbuch der Kunsthistorischen Sammlungen des Allerhöchsten Kaiserhauses» 23 (1903): 71-278.

Ruskin J., The Stones of Venice – The Foundations, E.T. Cook, A. Wedderburn (eds), I, London 1903.

Schaffran E., Geschichte der Langobarden, Berlin – Leipzig 1938. Schaffran E., Die Kunst der Langobarden in Italien, Jena 1941.

Schuyler M., The Romanesque Revival in New York, «The Architectural Record» 1 (1891- 1892): 7-38.

Scott L., The Cathedral Builders. The Story of a Great Masonic Guild, New York 1899. Shrimpton N., Italy, in F. O’Gorman (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to John Ruskin, Cambridge 2015: 49-65.

Soo L., Wren’s ‘Tracts’ on Architecture, and Other Writings, Cambridge 1998.

Spiro A.L., Reconsidering the Career of Nicholaus Artifex (Active c.1122–c.1164) in the Context of Later Twelfth-Century North Italian Politics, Ph.D Diss., Columbia University 2014.

Stephens S., In Search of the Pointed Arch: Freemasonry and Thomas Hope’s “An Historical Essay on Architecture”, «The Journal of Architecture» 1/2 1996: 133-158.

Stow J., A Survey of London Written in the Year 1598, London 1842.

Strzygowski J., Aufgang des Nordens: Lebenskampf eines Kunstforschers um ein deutsches Weltbild, Leipzig 1936.

Tigler G., Introduzione, in G. Viscione, Il reimpiego della scultura altomedievale in Toscana. Riuso, pseudospolia e arcaismo tra XI e XIII secolo, Milano 2024.

Tosco C., Arthur Kingsley Porter e la storia dell’architettura lombarda, «Arte lombarda» 112/1 (1995): 74-84.

Tyack G., Architecture, in F. O’Gorman (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to John Ruskin, Cambridge 2015: 100-115.

Giorgio Vasari, Lives of the Painters, Sculptors and Architects, D. Ekserdjian (ed.), London 1996.

Vermeulen I.R., Picturing Art History: The Rise of the Illustrated History of Art in the Eighteenth Century, Amsterdam 2010.

Watkin D., The Rise of Architectural History, London 1980. Webb J., The Occult Establishment, La Salle 1976.

Weinryb I., Under Western Eyes: Bronze and Sculpture at San Zeno in Verona, Ph.D Diss., The Johns Hopkins University 2010.

Weinryb I., The Bronze Object in the Middle Ages, Cambridge 2016.

Whewell W., Architectural Notes on German Churches, with Remarks on the Origin of Gothic Architecture, Cambridge 1830.

Whewell W., Architectural Notes on German Churches. A new edition. To which is now added notes written during an architectural tour in Picardy and Normandy. Third edition, to which are added Notes on the Churches of the Rhine, by F. de Lassaulx, Cambridge 1842.

Wood C.S., A History of Art History, Princeton 2019.

Wood I., The Modern Origins of the Early Middle Ages, Oxford 2013.

Wood M.L., Early Twelfth-Century Sculpture in Pavia, Ph.D Diss., The Johns Hopkins University 1978.

Wren C., Parentalia: or, Memoirs of the Family of the Wrens, London 1750.

Zarnecki G., Art of the Medieval World: Architecture, Sculpture, Painting, the Sacred Arts, Englewood Cliffs 1975.

Los Angeles – UCLA, Royce Hall

Pubblicato

16-02-2026

Come citare

Vescovi, M. L. (2026). Lombard Sculpture: Archaeology of a Historiographical Concept. Fenestella. Inside Medieval Art, 6, 157–183. https://doi.org/10.54103/fenestella/29283
Ricevuto 2025-06-30
Accettato 2025-08-04
Pubblicato 2026-02-16