Parole chiave
SNP
selection signatures
Abstract
Selection and breeding practices in goats have led to the fixation of several traits. This is probably due to the standardization of several peculiar morphological characteristics that have always been one of the major exclusion criteria of individuals from selection. Among these, ear carriage is one of the most ancient and considered a signature of domestication in several species, such as the dog, pig, sheep and goat (Boyko et al., 2010). The availability of improved genomic analyses tools for goats may provide useful information on genes involved in this trait. By studying, for example, the homozygosity decay of haplotypes (contiguous length of alleles) such information can be detected. In the current study, we focused on the Maltese goat, a breed showing floppy ears, in comparison with other Italian breeds using a goat medium density SNP chip (Nicoloso et al., 2015). A total 48,767 SNP markers for 369 animals belonging to 16 breeds or populations were analyzed. Genotypes were imputed within population excluding markers without known position on the current genome assembly (ARS1, Bickhart et al., 2017). Population analysis using MDS, ADMIXTURE and fastSTRUCTURE confirmed the good differentiation among the populations. Integrated Haplotype Score (iHS, Sabeti et al., 2007) was performed for each population, comparing the regions detected on the Maltese breed with the others considered to detect genes that may be involved into shaping ear morphology. These results may provide new insights into ear carriage phenotype by detecting genes that play a pivotal role in shaping the goat phenotypic diversity.
Acknowledgement
The research was funded by INNOVAGEN project.
Riferimenti bibliografici
Bickhart, D.M.; Rosen, B.D.; Koren, S.; Sayre, B.L.; Hastie, A.R.; Chan, S.; Lee, J.; Lam, E.T.; Liachko, I.; Sullivan, S.T.; Burton, J.N.; Huson, H.J.; Nystrom, J.C.; Kelley, C.M.; Hutchison, J.L.; Zhou, Y.; Sun, J.; Crisà, A.; Abel Ponce de León, F.; Schwartz, J.C.; Hammond, J.A.; Waldbieser, G.C.; Schroeder, S.G.; Liu, G.E.; Dunham, M.J.; Shendure, J.; Sonstegard, T.S.; Phillippy, A.M.; Van Tassell, C.P.; L Smith, T.P., 2017. Single-molecule sequencing and chromatin conformation capture enable de novo reference assembly of the domestic goat genome. Nature Genetics, 49, 4–3.
Boyko, A.R.; Quignon, P.; Li, L.; Schoenebeck, J.J.; Degenhardt, J.D.; Lohmueller, K.E.; Zhao, K.; Brisbin, A.; Parker, H.G.; vonHoldt, B.M.; Cargill, M.; Auton, A.; Reynolds, A.; Elkahloun, A.G.; Castelhano, M.; Mosher, D.S.; Sutter, N.B.; Johnson, G.S.; Novembre, J.; Hubisz, M.J.; Siepel, A.; Wayne, R.K.; Bustamante, C.D.; Ostrander, E.A., 2010. A Simple Genetic Architecture Underlies Morphological Variation in Dogs. PLoS Biology, 8, e1000451
Nicoloso, L.; Bomba, L.; Colli, L.; Negrini, R.; Milanesi, M.; Mazza, R.; Sechi, T.; Frattini, S.; Talenti, A.; Coizet, B.; Chessa, S.; Marletta, D.; D’Andrea, M.; Bordonaro, S.; Ptak, G.; Carta, A.; Pagnacco, G.; Valentini, A.; Pilla, F.; Ajmone-Marsan, P.; Crepaldi, P., 2015. Genetic diversity of Italian goat breeds assessed with a medium-density SNP chip. Genetics Selection Evolution, 47, 1–10.
Sabeti, P.C., Varilly, P., Fry, B., Lohmueller, J., Hostetter, E., Cotsapas, C., Xie, X., Byrne, E.H., Mccarroll, S.A., Schaffner, S.F., Lander, E.S., The International Hapmap, 2007. Genome-wide detection and characterization of positive selection in human populations. Nature 449(7164), 913-918
This work is licensed under a CC BY-SA 4.0 international