Unnegotiated Contracts of Adhesion in American Common and Civil Law Jurisdictions: The Canadian and Argentinian Cases
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13130/milanlawreview/16466Keywords:
Standard Form Contracts, Unconscionability, Uniform Commercial Code, Supreme Court of Canada, Quebec Civil Code, Argentinian Civil and Commercial CodeAbstract
The essay addresses the control of Unnegotiated Standard Form Contracts and the legal tools developed for such purpose both in common and civil law traditions. In particular, on the one hand, it focuses on unconscionability, as it was originally crafted by the USA’s Uniform Commercial Code and recently shaped as a new doctrine by the Canadian Supreme Court; on the other hand, it looks to the American civil codes of Quebec and Argentina. Then it deals with some cases occurring in Italian case law, suggesting that the Quebec and Argentinian Codes (as well as the recently amended French Civil Code) could give guidance in assessing the enforceability of unnegotiated standard clauses that affect the very core of the contract and its subject matter.
References
ALPA G., ZENO ZENCOVICH V., Italian Private Law, London 2007
BEALE H., Chitty on Contracts28, London 1999
BENATTI F., Le clausole di esonero da responsabilità nella prassi bancaria, in ID. Studi Urbinati, 1976
BENSON P., Justice in Transactions: A Theory of Contract Law, Cambridge 2019
CALAMARI J. D., PERILLO J. M., The Law of Contracts3, St. Paul 1987
CASTRONOVO C., La responsabilità da cassette di sicurezza, in AA. VV., Le operazioni bancarie, edited by G. B. Portale, Milano 1978
DE NOVA G., The Alien Contract, in Riv. dir. priv., 2011
R. DUGAN Standardized Forms: Unconscionability and Good Faith, in New England Law Review, 1979
FARNSWORTH E. A., Contracts3, New York 1999
GHOZLAN S., La notion d’obligation essentielle dans le cadre du contrôle des clauses abusives : Étude des systèmes juridiques français et québécois, in http://editionthemis.com, 2015
GORLA G., Suretyship (fideiussio) promises to pay another’s debt: promises to give security, in ID., The fundamental problems of contracts. Principles, methods, and techniques of the civil law as compared with the common law, notes by Gino Gorla, course held in 1958-1959 at University of Michigan Law School, now published in ID., I problemi fondamentali del contratto, Napoli 2017.
S. GRAMMOND, La règle sur les clauses abusives sous l’éclairage du droit comparé, in Les Cahiers de droit, 2010
GRAZIADEI M., Control of price related terms in standard form contracts: the Italian experience, in Annuario di diritto comparato e studi legislativi, 2018
R. A. HASSON, "Unconscionability in Contract Law and in the New Sales Act - Confessions of a Doubting Thomas " in Canadian Business Law Journal, 4.4/1980
HERSBERGEN R. L., Contracts of Adhesion Under the Louisiana Civil Code, in Lousiana law review, 1982
HERSBERGEN R. L., Unconscionability: The Approach of the Louisiana Civil Code, in Louisiana Law Review, 1983
IUDICA G., ZATTI P., Linguaggio e regole del diritto privato, Padova 2005
JUKIER R., Good Faith in Contract: A Judicial Dialogue Between Common Law Canada and Québec, in Journal of Commonwealth Law, 2018
MCCAMUS J. D., The Law of Contracts2, Toronto 2012
M. MCINNES, The Canadian Law of Unjust Enrichment and Restitution, New York 2014
MERRYMAN J. H., The Italian Civil Code, Dobbs Ferry 1969
NEBBIA P., Law as Tradition and the Europeanization of Contract Law: A Case Study, in Yearbook of European Law, 2004
PATTI F. P., Penalty Clauses in Italian Law, in European Review of Private law, 2015
REITER B. J., The Control of Contract Power, in Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 1981
SWAN A., ADAMSKI J., NA A. Y. Canadian Contract Law1, London 2006
SWAN A., ADAMSKI J., NA A. Y, Canadian Contract Law4, London 2018
TREITEL G., The Law of Contract10, London 1999
WADDAMS S. M., Unconscionability in Canadian Contract Law, in Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review, 1992
WADDAMS S. M., Good Faith, Unconscionability and Reasonable Expectations, in Journal of Contract Law, 1995
WADDAMS S. M., Abusive or Unconscionable Clauses from a Common Law Perspective, in Canadian Business Law Journal, 2010
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Milan Law Review
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.