Hunger and Legal Strategies for Overcoming It
Analyzing Innovations of the Assembly Bill No. 1961-End Hunger in California Act of 2024
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54103/milanlawreview/28359Parole chiave:
Hunger, Human Right to Adequate Food, End Hunger in California Act of 2024, Food Racism, Food DesertsAbstract
With due proportions, hunger is an issue that affects vulnerable human groups in Europe, America, Africa, Asia and Oceania, that is, all over the world. Furthermore, it can also be considered a violation of the Human Right to Adequate Food, as established in International Human Rights Treaties and in domestic legal systems of various countries. Aiming to address this situation, California Assembly Bill No. 1961 (End Hunger in California Act of 2024) has introduced innovative and strategic mechanisms to ensure access to food for the vulnerable Californian population. In this context, this research aims to analyze the aforementioned legislative proposal, focusing on the analytical identification of the strategic innovations present in that normative proposal that are potentially replicable and/or adaptable to the legal systems of other countries (including Brazil, Mexico and Chile, in Latin American and Italy, Spain, the Netherlands and Slovakia, in Europe) where vulnerable population segments still experience violations of the Human Right to Adequate Food. Through a methodology combining documental, telematic, and descriptive research, two innovations were identified as potentially viable normative alternatives for addressing hunger in legal systems of other countries: (i) focus on combating food racism and (ii) focus on addressing food deserts.
Downloads
Riferimenti bibliografici
J. Abrams. California Retail Food Code: A description of its development, purposes, benefits and significant points, in Journal Association of Food and Drugs Officials, 2003, vol. 67, n. 4, pp. 76–106.
J. Amcoff, Food deserts in Sweden? Access to food retail in 1998 and 2008, in Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 2017, vol. 99, n. 1, pp. 94–105. DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2016.1277076.
J. Beaulac, E. Kristjansson, S. Cummins, A systematic review of food deserts, 1966-2007, in Preventing Chronic Disease, 2009, vol. 6, n. 3, pp. 1-10.
K. Bilková, F. Križan, Mapping of grocery stores in Slovak countryside in context of food deserts, in Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2015, vol. 63, n. 5, pp. 1633-1638.
P. Brest, M. Oshige, Affirmative action for whom?, in Stanford Law Review, 1995, vol. 47, n. 5, pp. 855-900.
S. Bridle-Fitzpatrick, Food deserts or food swamps? A mixed-methods study of local food environments in a Mexican city, in Social Science & Medicine, 2015, vol. 142, pp. 202-213.
California, California remains the world’s 5th largest economy, in Governor Gavin Newsom, 24.12.2024.
California, Constitution of California, California Legislative Information, Sacramento - CA, 1878.
California Assembly, Assembly Bill No. 1961: End Hunger in California Act of 2024, California Legislative Information, Sacramento – CA, 2024.
J. Clapp, G. Scrinis, Big food, nutritionism, and corporate power, in Globalizations, 2017, vol. 14, n. 4, pp. 578-595.
W. M. De Vries, E. van der Veen, B. B. Bock, S. Christiaanse, T. Haartsen, The perceived importance of facilities for rural citizen in Fryslân, the Netherlands, in Sociologia e Politiche Sociali, 2016, vol. 19, n. 3, pp. 119–137. DOI: 10.3280/SP2016-003008.
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA), Poverty and employment: the situation of Roma in 11 EU Member States, FRA Press, Vienna, 2014.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), The right to food around the globe, FAO Press, Rome, 2024a.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Hunger numbers stubbornly high for three consecutive years as global crises deepen, FAO Press, Rome, 2024b.
M. Gartin, Food deserts and nutritional risk in Paraguay, in American Journal of Human Biology, 2012, vol. 24, n. 3, pp. 296-301.
J. Gieling, T. Haartsen, L. Vermeij, Village facilities and social place attachment in the rural Netherlands, in Rural Sociology, 2019, vol. 84, n. 1, pp. 66–92. DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12213.
S. Gojard, B. Véron, Shopping and cooking: the organization of food practices, at the crossing of access to food stores and household properties in France, in Review of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Studies, 2018, vol. 99, pp. 97–119. DOI: 10.1007/s41130-018-0068-7.
J. M. E. Guerra, Between hunger and silence: An analysis of the jurisprudence of the Superior Court of Justice regarding the Human Right to Adequate Food, in Revista de Estudos Jurídicos da UNESP, 2024a, vol. 28, n. 48, pp. 135–156. DOI: 10.22171/rejunesp.v28i48.
J. M. E. Guerra, Brazilian protonormatives to combat hunger: Right to food, nutricide or food racism?, in Revista Juris UniToledo, 2024b, vol. 9, n. 1, pp. 1–27. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14200003.
N. Home, Rural consumers’ patronage behaviour in Finland, in The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 2002, vol. 12, n. 2, pp. 149–164. DOI: 10.1080/09593960210127709.
O. S. Honório, M. C. Pessoa, L. H. A. Gratão, L. L. Rocha, I. R. R Castro, D. S. Canella, P. M. Horta, L. L. Mendes, Social inequalities in the surrounding areas of food deserts and food swamps in a Brazilian metropolis, in International journal for equity in health, 2021, vol. 20, pp. 1–8.
M. Hrivnák, P. Moritz, J. Jarábková, Urban outshopping in rural Slovakia, in European Countryside, 2023, vol. 15, n. 1, pp. 34–48. DOI: 10.2478/euco-2023-0003.
U. Jürgens, ‘Real’ versus ‘mental’ food deserts from the consumer perspective–concepts and quantitative methods applied to rural areas of Germany, in Die Erde, 2018, vol. 149, n. 1, pp. 25–43.
L. Landaeta-Díaz, F. Vergara-Perucich, C. Aguirre-Nuñez, F. Ulloa-Leon, Mapping Nutritional Inequality: A Primary Socio-Spatial Analysis of Food Deserts in Santiago de Chile, in Urban Science, 2024, vol. 8, n. 3, pp. 1–16.
A. Mbembe, Necropolitics, Duke University Press, Durhan, 2020.
H. Nilsson, Population decline and changes in food store access, in Regional Studies, 2023, vol. 57, n. 5, pp. 946–960. DOI: 10.1080/00343404.2022.2108542.
A. Odoms-Young, M. A. Bruce, Examining the impact of structural racism on food insecurity: Implications for addressing racial/ethnic disparities, in Family & Community Health, 2018, vol. 41, pp. 3–6.
United Nations (UN), General Comment No. 12: The Right to Adequate Food (Art. 11 of the Covenant), United Nations Press, New York City, 1999.
United Nations (UN), International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, United Nations Press, New York City, 1966.
M. L. Pinkerton, Indiscriminate punishment of drug users: California Health and Safety Code Section 11550, in McGeorge Law Review, 1978, vol. 9, n. 2, pp. 754–774.
R. Predes, Collateral life and death: notes on militarization and war on crime in Rio de Janeiro, in Mosaico, 2019, vol. 11, n. 17, pp. 277–287.
G. Ramos Truchero, Dinámicas de abastecimiento alimentario en las zonas rurales españolas: resolviendo la comida diaria cuando faltan las tiendas, in Panorama Social, 2020, vol. 31, pp. 87–100.
G. Ramos-Truchero, From Food Deserts to Food Access: Methodological and Theoretical Considerations for Research in Sparsely Populated Rural European Areas, in European Countryside, 2024, vol. 16, n. 3, pp. 500–512.
K. Schroeder, A. Smaldone, Food insecurity: a concept analysis, in Nursing forum, 2015, vol. 50, n. 4, pp. 274–284.
C. E. G. Silva, Management, legislation and funding sources in the Brazilian third sector: a historical perspective, in Revista de Administração Pública, 2010, vol. 44, n. 6, pp. 1301–1325.
L. Tibério, A. Baptista, A. Cristóvão, Sistemas agroalimentares locais e comercialização em circuitos curtos de proximidade, in Rede Rural Nacional, 2013, vol. 3, pp. 1–6.
M. Trembošová, I. Jakab, P. Forgáč, Shopping behavior and access to food in the areas of Slovakia with dispersed settlements: A case study, in European Countryside, 2023, vol. 15, n. 1, pp. 66–98. DOI: 10.2478/euco-2023-0005.
M. Twardzik, K. Heffner, Small towns and rural areas – as a prospective place of modern retail trade formats in Poland, in European Countryside, 2019, vol. 11, n. 1, pp. 74–84. DOI: 10.2478/euco-2019-0005.
Dowloads
Pubblicato
Come citare
Fascicolo
Sezione
Licenza
Copyright (c) 2025 João Marcel Evaristo Guerra
Questo lavoro è fornito con la licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione - Non commerciale - Non opere derivate 4.0 Internazionale.
