N. 1 (2023): 1/2023
Saggi

Come si diventa dopati: Il doping tra normalità e devianza

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  • Rosalba Altopiedi,
  • Daniele Scarscelli
Rosalba Altopiedi
Università degli Studi di Torino
Daniele Scarscelli
Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54103/1972-5760/20578

Pubblicato 2023-07-25

Parole chiave

  • doping,
  • sport amatoriali,
  • tecniche di neutralizzazione,
  • devianza,
  • farmaceuticalizzazione,
  • miglioramento della performance
    • ...Più
    Meno

Abstract

Il doping viene spesso rappresentato come un fenomeno che riguarda prevalentemente “alcune mele marce” che hanno scelto di infrangere le norme. per ottenere un indebito vantaggio sugli avversari. In quest’ottica il doping è l’esito di una scelta di un attore concepito come isolato dal contesto sociale. Tuttavia, negli ultimi venti anni? la letteratura sociologica sul doping ha evidenziato come la metafora delle “mele marce” sia una semplificazione poiché le scelte individuali devono essere comprese facendo riferimento sia all’influenza più generale del contesto sociale e culturale sia a quella più specifica delle reti sociali in cui gli atleti sono collocati.
In questo saggio presentiamo i risultati di uno studio qualitativo che ha integrato una survey online sul consumo (legale e illegale) di farmaci ed integratori per migliorare le prestazioni sportive
da parte di un campione di atleti agonisti, non professionisti. Lo studio qualitativo aveva l’obiettivo di descrivere i percorsi attraverso i quali gli atleti arrivano ad utilizzare sostanze dopanti. In particolare noi eravamo interessati a comprendere se, e attraverso quali meccanismi, il doping si possa configurare come un comportamento in equilibro tra normalità e devianza. I risultati dello studio evidenziano come alcuni processi che caratterizzano la società contemporanea (quali la medicalizzazione, la farmacologizzazione, l’enfasi sulla prestazione), a cui le analisi macro-sociologiche fanno riferimento per spiegare lo sviluppo del doping nello sport moderno, plasmino anche i vocabolari motivazionali di coloro che si dopano, contribuendo a mantenere il doping in un delicato equilibro tra devianza e convenzione.
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