PLURALISMO LINGUISTICO NELLA SCUOLA E COMPETENZE DIDATTICHE: ESPERIENZE DALL’ALTO ADIGE

Autori

  • Marta Guarda Eurac Research
  • Gisela Mayr Libera Università di Bolzano

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54103/2037-3597/21973

Abstract

In Alto Adige, il trilinguismo istituzionale (tedesco, italiano, ladino) e la diglossia convivono con nuove lingue e varietà portate nel territorio grazie ai flussi migratori. La crescente diversità linguistica e culturale della Provincia di Bolzano ha un forte impatto sulla vita scolastica quotidiana e pone nuove sfide ai docenti: l’inclusione e la valorizzazione di tutte le lingue che alunni e alunne portano in classe, così come la mobilitazione dei loro interi repertori linguistici per l’apprendimento, richiedono infatti abilità, motivazioni e conoscenze specifiche. In questo contributo descriveremo COMPASS (Didactic Competences in the Multilingual Classroom), un’iniziativa di ricerca e formazione inserita nel progetto A scuola con più lingue (SMS 2.0) promosso da Eurac Research. L’iniziativa si propone di sostenere team di docenti delle scuole primarie di lingua italiana e tedesca nel valorizzare la crescente eterogeneità linguistica delle loro classi, e di accompagnarli nel loro percorso verso una pratica didattica plurilingue ancor più inclusiva che non si limiti solo a saltuari progetti sulla diversità. Nel nostro contributo, forniremo dapprima una nostra visione delle competenze (qui intese come abilità, motivazioni e conoscenze) che i docenti coinvolti nell’educazione plurilingue inclusiva dovrebbero possedere. Descriveremo poi brevemente le due componenti principali dell’iniziativa COMPASS, vale a dire un percorso biennale di formazione e uno studio di ricerca longitudinale sullo sviluppo delle competenze e delle pratiche didattiche dei/delle docenti coinvolti nell’iniziativa. In ultimo presenteremo alcuni dei risultati preliminari relativi a un team (20 docenti) di una delle scuole partecipanti all’iniziativa. I risultati, ottenuti dall’analisi di dati raccolti durante il primo anno di formazione tramite interviste individuali semi-strutturate e una intervista focus group, sottolineano l’importanza di creare momenti di riflessione e scambio tra insegnanti, così come tra insegnanti e ricercatori/trici. Essi evidenziano inoltre il ruolo cruciale delle motivazioni e degli atteggiamenti degli/delle insegnanti nello sviluppo e normalizzazione di pratiche didattiche plurilingui inclusive.

 

Linguistic pluralism in schools and teaching skills: experiences from South Tyrol

 

In South Tyrol, institutional trilingualism (German, Italian, Ladin) and diglossia coexist with new languages and varieties brought into the territory through migration flows. The increasing linguistic and cultural diversity in the Province of Bozen/Bolzano has a strong impact on everyday school life and poses new challenges for teachers: the inclusion and valorisation of all the linguistic resources that students bring into the classroom, as well as the mobilisation of their entire linguistic repertoires for learning, in fact, require a set of skills, attitudes and knowledge. In this contribution we will describe COMPASS (Didactic Competences in the Multilingual Classroom), a research and training initiative included in the project One school, many languages (SMS 2.0) promoted by Eurac Research. The initiative aims to support teams of primary school teachers in making the most of the increasing linguistic heterogeneity of their classes, and to accompany them towards the adoption of a more inclusive approach to plurilingual education that extends beyond sporadic projects on diversity. In our contribution, we will focus in particular on the motivational dimension of the competences that we deem necessary to teach in linguistically-diverse classrooms. A prominent role in this contribution is therefore given to the concept of teachers’ beliefs, in other words the complex and dynamic set of attitudes and beliefs that motivate a teacher to activate their knowledge and didactic skills so as to promote more inclusive forms of plurilingual education. Focusing on this dimension of teacher competence, in this contribution we will first describe the two components of the COMPASS initiative, i.e. a two-year professional development course and a longitudinal research study on the development of teacher competences for plurilingual education. Subsequently, we will discuss some of the preliminary findings related to one participating team (20 teachers). Drawing on the analysis of data collected during the first year of professional development through individual semi-structured interviews and a focus group, the discussion will highlight the importance of fostering moments of reflection and exchange between teachers, as well as between teachers and researchers. It will also show the crucial role of teachers’ motivations and attitudes in the promotion and normalisation of inclusive plurilingual didactic practices.

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Pubblicato

2023-12-15

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Sezione

EDUCAZIONE LINGUISTICA