Critical Thinking and Medieval Romance

Nancy Ciccone

doi:10.54103/2035-7362/28776

Autori/Autrici

Nancy Ciccone University of Colorado Denver https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9714-9375

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54103/2035-7362/28776

Parole chiave:

pensiero critico, ragionamento pratico, prudenza, romanzo cortese, dibattiti interiori

Abstract

Nell'Europa occidentale, il ragionamento pratico, il processo deliberativo sulle cose da fare, costituisce una modalità di pensiero critico a partire dal XII secolo. Le scuole cattedrali si affidano alla categoria della filosofia pratica per affrontare l'esercizio della prudentia. L'istruzione accademica, nota come accessus, si basa su questa categoria per affrontare la letteratura classica perché tratta il comportamento. Nel XIII secolo, gli sviluppi scolastici derivanti dalla traduzione dell'Etica Nicomachea di Aristotele introducono la logica sillogistica con il termine ratio practica. I dibattiti interni al romanzo cortese sono correlati agli sviluppi accademici. Modellando il pensiero critico sul comportamento etico, rappresentano il processo del ragionamento pratico. Trovandosi in conflitto, i parlanti nella finzione cercano di capire la cosa giusta da fare. Considerano circostanze e risultati. Per quanto fittizia, la rappresentazione del ragionamento pratico offre complicazioni esperienziali e la difficoltà di sostenere un'etica prescrittiva.

In Western Europe, practical reasoning, the deliberative process about things to be done constitutes a mode of critical thinking from the twelfth century on. Cathedral schools rely on the category of practical philosophy to address the exercise of prudentia. Academic instructions, known as accessus, rely on this category to address classical literature because it treats behavior. In the thirteenth century, scholastic developments resulting from the translation of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics introduce syllogistic logic with the term ratio practica. The inner debates of courtly romance correlate with academic developments. Modeling critical thinking about ethical behavior, they represent the process of practical reasoning. Finding themselves in conflict, fictional speakers try to figure out the right thing to do. They consider circumstances and outcomes. However fictional, the representation of practical reasoning offers experiential complications and the difficulty of upholding prescriptive ethics.

Downloads

I dati di download non sono ancora disponibili.

Riferimenti bibliografici

Abelard, Peter, Ethics, ed. by D.E. Luscombe, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1971.

Baker, D., A Crux in Chaucer’s Franklin’s Tale, in JEGP 60 (1961), pp. 56-64.

Baswell, C., Vergil in Medieval England, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1995.

Baylor, M.G., Action and Person, E.J. Brill, Leiden 1977.

Bourke, Vernon J., Ethics, Macmillan, New York 1951.

Chaucer, Geoffrey, The Riverside Chaucer, edited by L.D. Benson, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1988.

Chrétien de Troyes, Le chevalier de la charrette in Arthurian Romances, trans. by W.W. Kibler, Penguin, NY 2004.

Chrétien, de Troyes, Chevalier de la charrette, ed. by K.D. Uitti, Bordas, Paris 1989.

Cicero, De officiis, Loeb 21, Harvard University Press, Cambridge 1968.

Courtenay, W., Schools and Scholars, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1987.

Hunt, R.W. “The Introductions to the Arts in the Twelfth Century.” Studia Mediaevalia in Honor of Raymond. J. Martin.. De Tempel, Belgium 1948.

Huygens R.B.C. (ed.), Accessus ad auctores, Latomus 15 1954.

Jones J.W. and E.F. Jones (eds.), Commentum quod dicitur Bernardi Silvestris super sex libros Eneidos Virgilii, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln 1977.

Lee, A.T., A Woman True and Fair: Chaucer’s Portrayal of Dorigen in the Franklin’s Tale, in “Chaucer Review” 19/2 (1984), pp. 169-178.

Leff, G., Bradwardine and the Pelagians, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1957.

Livesey, S.J., Accessus ad Lombardum, the secular and the sacred in medieval commentaries on the Sentences, Recherches de théologie et philosophie médiévales 72/1 (2005), pp. 153-74.

Lohr, C.H. The Medieval Interpretation of Aristotle, in N. Kretzmann, A. Kenny, J. Pinborg (eds), Cambridge History of Later Medieval Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1982.

Lottin, O. D., Psychologie et Morale aux XIIe et XIIIe Siècles, v. I-VI, J. Duculot, Gembloux (Belgique) 1957.

Marie de France, Les Lais de Marie de France, ed. by J. Rychner, J., CFMA 93, Champion, Paris 1966.

Marie de France, The Lais of Marie de France, trans. by R. Hanning and J. Ferrante, Labyrinth Press, Durham 1978.

Minnis, A. J. and A.B. Scott (eds.), Medieval Literary Theory and Criticism c. ll00-c. l375: Commentary Tradition, Clarendon, Oxford 1988.

Morgan, G., A Defence of Dorigen’s Complaint, in “Medium Aevum” 46 (1977), pp. 77-97.

Peterson, J.L., Defining a Textbook: Gloss versus Gloss in a Medieval Schoolbook, in “Essays in Medieval Studies” 20 (2003), pp.18-30.

Quain, E.A., The Medieval Accessus ad auctores, “ Traditio” 3/1945, pp.215-264.

Reed, T., Middle English Debate Poetry, University of Missouri Press, Columbia 1990.

Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae, Gen. Ed. Thomas Gilby, 60 vols, Blackfriars and McGraw-Hill, New York 1964-1976, 2a2ae.

Woods, M. C., Access through Accessus, in A. Butterfield, I. Johnson, A. Kraebel (eds.), Literary Theory and Criticism in the Later Middle Ages, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2023.