Observational study on Lifestyle Behaviours and Nutrition in individuals undergoing genetic counseling for breast or colorectal cancer risk

Lea Godino; Donatella Fabbro; Benedetta Bertonazzi; Daniela Turchetti

doi:10.54103/dn/25499

Autori/Autrici

Lea Godino Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS AOUBO https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3763-9372
Donatella Fabbro Unità di Genetica Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna
Benedetta Bertonazzi Unità di Genetica Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna
Daniela Turchetti Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54103/dn/25499

Parole chiave:

familiar cancer risk, lifestyle behaviours, mediterranean diet, physical activity, genetic counselling

Abstract

INTRODUZIONE:
Stili di vita sani riducono il rischio di tumore; individui con predisposizione ereditaria oncologica dovrebbero essere motivati verso comportamenti protettivi.

OBIETTIVO:
Esaminare gli stili di vita associati a riduzione del rischio oncologico in individui sottoposti a valutazione del rischio familiare di tumore al seno o al colon-retto.

METODI:
È stata condotta un'indagine trasversale mediante questionario auto-somministrato, comprendente: questionario Medi-Lite validato in italiano, questionario Internazionale validato sull'Attività Fisica (per valutare aderenza alla dieta mediterranea e attività fisica), domande su percezione del rischio oncologico, stile di vita e sorveglianza.

RISULTATI:
Hanno partecipato 42 donne e otto uomini (età: 19-80 anni); 19 con carcinoma mammario, quattro con carcinoma colorettale, 27 sani con storia familiare di tali tumori. La maggioranza percepiva il proprio stile di vita come piuttosto sano. Tuttavia, 16 (32%) erano fumatori attuali o ex-fumatori, 37 (74%) consumavano alcol e 18 (36%) erano sovrappeso od obesi; 21 (42%) presentavano bassa aderenza alla dieta mediterranea e sette (14%) riportavano scarsa attività fisica. L’aderenza alla dieta mediterranea è risultata generalmente bassa (Medi-Lite: 8.8±2.6); una bassa aderenza era più frequente in coloro con bassa scolarità (67%) rispetto a coloro con alto livello di istruzione (17%; p=0.044). I partecipanti a maggior rischio oncologico erano più propensi al fumo: 63% di coloro a rischio elevato, 40% a rischio intermedio e 14% a rischio standard erano fumatori attuali o ex-fumatori (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONI:
Lo studio suggerisce la necessità di aumentare la consapevolezza sull’importanza dello stile di vita nella modulazione del rischio oncologico in individui con rischio familiare elevato.

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