Assistenza infermieristica e consapevolezza della persona e dei familiari nella fase avanzata di malattia. Uno studio osservazionale nei setting di cure palliative

Stefania Tinti; Sonia Leone; Lorenzo Furcieri; Maria Cristiana Rossi; Maria Carmen Toia; John Tremamondo; Elisabetta Zanini; Annalisa Alberti

doi:10.54103/dn/28808

Autori/Autrici

Stefania Tinti ASST-Rhodense
Sonia Leone ASST Rhodense, Garbagnate Milanese, Italy
Lorenzo Furcieri ASST Rhodense, Garbagnate Milanese, Italy https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7460-407X
Maria Cristiana Rossi ASST Rhodense, Garbagnate Milanese, Italy
Maria Carmen Toia ASST Rhodense, Garbagnate Milanese, Italy
John Tremamondo ASST Valle Olona
Elisabetta Zanini ASST Rhodense, Garbagnate Milanese, Italy https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7676-9196
Annalisa Alberti ASST Rhodense, Garbagnate Milanese, Italy

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54103/dn/28808

Parole chiave:

Assistenza Infermieristica di fine vita , Caregivers , Consapevolezza, Cure Palliative, Diagnosi, Malattia avanzata, Prognosi

Abstract

Background
La divulgazione di informazioni e la consapevolezza sull’evoluzione della malattia hanno un ruolo decisivo in Cure Palliative. Il processo di accettazione del decorso di malattia in fase avanzata è complesso. Per l’Infermiere è importante comprendere dinamiche familiari, impatto emotivo e psicologico, nonché risorse e vulnerabilità della famiglia durante il decorso della malattia, ponendo attenzione agli aspetti relazionali.

Scopo
Descrivere, attraverso l’analisi della documentazione sanitaria, le informazioni sulla consapevolezza degli assistiti e dei caregiver riguardo alla traiettoria della malattia in fase avanzata.

Metodi

Studio osservazionale retrospettivo su un campione non probabilistico di convenienza di cartelle sanitarie presso l’Hospice dell’Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Rhodense nel luglio 2024. I dati sono stati raccolti dalla documentazione sanitaria infermieristica in anonimato e hanno riguardato la consapevolezza degli assistiti e dei familiari nell’evoluzione della malattia.

Risultati
Delle 17 cartelle sanitarie analizzate solo 6 indicavano la persona assistita come pienamente consapevole della fase avanzata della malattia. Sei persone riconoscevano la relazione tra i sintomi attuali e il cancro, ma senza accettare la terminalità. Riguardo alla consapevolezza dei familiari è emerso che pressoché tutti (15) erano indicati come consapevoli dell’evoluzione di malattia.

Conclusioni

Lo studio ha permesso di esplorare il tema della consapevolezza delle persone assistite e dei familiari rispetto alla traiettoria di malattia nella fase avanzata, nel contesto delle Cure Palliative. I dati raccolti suggeriscono la complessità nell’acquisire consapevolezza della propria malattia in fase avanzata. Emerge la necessità di utilizzare strumenti appropriati per la valutazione della consapevolezza e l’implementazione della formazione per Infermieri ed équipe curante.

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