Le competenze fondamentali nell'ambito delle cure palliative fra gli infermieri di area oncologica: uno studio osservazionale
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54103/dn/22606Parole chiave:
Cure palliative, Competenza professionale, assistenza infermieristica, auto-valutazione, InfermieriAbstract
BACKGROUND: Le cure palliative richiedono un approccio collaborativo di un team multidisciplinare, che integra infermieri dotati di competenze etiche, cliniche, comunicativo-relazionali, psicosociali e di lavoro di squadra. Tuttavia, molti professionisti si sentono impreparati ad affrontare le sfide del fine vita, sottolineando la mancanza di abilità soprattutto riguardo aspetti psicosociali e spirituali.
OBIETTIVO: Lo scopo di questo studio è esplorare l'auto-percezione delle competenze degli infermieri sulle cure palliative.
METODI: È stato condotto uno studio descrittivo osservazionale monocentrico tra gli infermieri di cure palliative e non della Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori a Milano (INT), utilizzando la versione breve italiana del questionario sulla competenza professionale (PCSQ). Il test di Kruskal-Wallis è stato impiegato insieme all'ANOVA a più vie per l'analisi statistica.
RISULTATI: 122 infermieri hanno partecipato (tasso di risposta: 52%), prevalentemente donne (78%), tra 25-34 anni (50%), con una laurea (46%) e oltre 10 anni di esperienza (41%). La maggior parte non aveva esperienza (71%) in cure palliative, mentre il 16% lavorava attualmente in questo campo. L'analisi statistica non ha rivelato correlazioni significative tra il titolo di studio e le risposte. Il Test di Kruskal-Wallis ha mostrato che l'esperienza in cure palliative ha influenzato significativamente i punteggi di autovalutazione come nell'attivare strategie di gestione non farmacologiche (p=0.004).
CONCLUSIONI: Gli infermieri percepiscono un’elevata competenza nella presa di decisioni etiche e cliniche in cure palliative, influenzate più dall'esperienza che dalla formazione. Affrontare i bisogni soggettivi dei pazienti e usare interventi non farmacologici rimane una sfida per gli infermieri che non lavorano nei setting di cure palliative.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Elisa Abbadini, Ilaria Basile, Francesco Abbadini, Maria Luisa Pancheri, Letteria Consolo
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Accettato 2024-04-09
Pubblicato 2024-07-31