Gestione non farmacologica del dolore in ambiente extra-ospedaliero: revisione della letteratura

Arianna Tassone; Fabio Passet; Riccardo Sommaruga; Elena Ardizzi; Giuseppe Tedino

doi:10.54103/dn/28912

Autori/Autrici

Arianna Tassone AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Italy https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1026-9655
Fabio Passet AOU San Luigi Gonzaga https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0837-1732
Riccardo Sommaruga AOU Maggiore della Carità di Novara, Italy https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2343-9760
Elena Ardizzi AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Italy https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6425-5114
Giuseppe Tedino AOU San Luigi Gonzaga https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0630-7756

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54103/dn/28912

Parole chiave:

dolore, terapie complementari, non farmacologico, preospedaliero

Abstract

INTRODUZIONE: Il dolore acuto è un’esperienza sensoriale ed emotiva complessa che, se non trattata in modo adeguato, può compromettere il recupero clinico e contribuire allo sviluppo di dolore cronico o complicanze psicofisiche. In ambito pre-ospedaliero, e in particolare in ambienti impervi come quello montano, la gestione del dolore è resa difficile da fattori logistici, ambientali e organizzativi. In questo contesto l’impiego di strategie non farmacologiche si sta affermando come complemento utile o alternativa agli analgesici tradizionali, offrendo potenziali benefici in termini di sicurezza, praticità e riduzione degli effetti collaterali. Obiettivo: Identificare le evidenze disponibili sull’efficacia degli interventi non farmacologici nella gestione del dolore acuto in ambito pre-ospedaliero montano o impervio.

METODO: È stata condotta una ricerca nelle banche dati PubMed, Embase e CINAHL (aprile 2025), includendo studi sperimentali e osservazionali in lingua inglese o italiana.

RISULTATI: Sono stati inclusi nove studi. Gli interventi più frequentemente descritti sono stati: limitazione dei movimenti, crioterapia e digitopressione, con riduzioni significative dell’intensità del dolore e, in alcuni casi, dell’ansia e della frequenza cardiaca. Altri metodi meno comuni includono stimolazione elettrica transcutanea (TENS), riscaldamento attivo, elevazione dell’arto e compressione.

DISCUSSIONE E CONCLUSIONI: Le tecniche non farmacologiche si sono dimostrate efficaci, e spesso esse vengono associate a trattamenti convenzionali. Tuttavia, l’eterogeneità degli studi limita la generalizzabilità dei risultati qui illustrati.

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