Efficacia dei cartoni animati per il dolore procedurale dei bambini: una revisione sistematica con meta-analisi.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54103/dn/22649Parole chiave:
ansia anticipatoria, dolore procedurale, bambini, cartoni animati meta-analisiAbstract
BACKGROUND: I cartoni animati sono una delle tecniche di distrazione utilizzate per la gestione non farmacologica del dolore procedurale in ambito pediatrico. Esistono alcuni studi in letteratura che valutano l’effetto dell’intervento sul dolore procedurale, ma manca una revisione sistematica volta a fornire una sintesi dell’effetto complessivo.
OBIETTIVO: Riassumere le prove disponibili sull’efficacia dei cartoni animati per il dolore procedurale dei bambini.
METODI: La ricerca di studi controllati a gruppi paralleli è stata effettuata su tredici database biomedici, cinque registri di studi, risorse web e fonti di letteratura grigia, dalla data di impostazione di ciascun database o risorsa al 22 gennaio 2023. L'outcome primario era il dolore procedurale, l'esito secondario era l'ansia. RoB 2 e ROBINS-I sono stati utilizzati per valutare il rischio di bias degli studi inclusi.
RISULTATI: Per questa revisione sono stati selezionati 24 studi, che includevano un totale di 3046 soggetti pediatrici. I bambini che guardano i cartoni animati durante le procedure mediche sperimentano meno dolore (SMD= -1,29; IC 95%: -1,75, -0,83; N=2239) e ansia (UMD= -1,75; IC 95%: -2,94, -0,56; N=552) rispetto ai bambini a cui è stato fornito lo standard di cura; per entrambi gli outcome, i risultati sono statisticamente significativi. Il metodo GRADE mostra una moderata certezza/qualità dell’evidenza.
CONCLUSIONI: I cartoni animati sono più efficaci dello standard di cura nel ridurre il dolore procedurale e l'ansia nei bambini. In attesa che studi futuri confermino i risultati, raccomandiamo la loro implementazione nella pratica clinica quotidiana anche in contesti assistenziali con risorse limitate.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Luca Giuseppe Re, Massimiliano D'Elia, Vincenza Aloia, Stefania Celeste Rippa, Valentina Tommasi
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Accettato 2024-04-15
Pubblicato 2024-06-13
