Il ruolo della realtà virtuale per una gestione efficace del periodo pre-operatorio

Alessia Lo Re; Barbara Pucci; Rita Biscotti; Elisa Rimoldi; Paola Ripa; Stefano Romano Capatti

doi:10.54103/dn/25697

Authors

Alessia Lo Re Independent Nurse https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9449-927X
Barbara Pucci Bachelor School of Nursing, San Giuseppe Hospital, Milan, Italy
Rita Biscotti Bachelor School of Nursing, San Giuseppe Hospital, Milan, Italy https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1115-9185
Elisa Rimoldi Bachelor School of Nursing, San Giuseppe Hospital, Milan, Italy https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7040-1787
Paola Ripa Bachelor School of Nursing, San Giuseppe Hospital, Milan, Italy
Stefano Romano Capatti Bachelor School of Nursing, San Giuseppe Hospital, Milan, Italy https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2306-8343

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54103/dn/25697

Keywords:

Virtual reality, Surgery, Outcome, Benefits, Anxiety, PainNurse, Nursing

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Surgery represents a stressful event for the person who has to undergo it and it can cause the onset of anxiety. The causes can be traced back to waiting for the surgery and the fear of anesthesia. The analgesics used cause adverse effects and they often have no effect in reducing anxiety and post-operative pain. Treatment with non-pharmacological interventions can ward offside effects. In the healthcare sector, virtual reality is already used with positive results and adult patient education is a potential area of application. Aim: to show the effectiveness of virtual reality in reducing pre-operative anxiety in adults.

METHODS: After identifying the research question, using the PIO model (patient, intervention, outcome), articles were found on the following medical-scientific databases: PubMed, CINHAL, EmBase, PsycINFO, Scopus, Joanna Briggs Institute, Cochrane Library, ILISI.

RESULTS: For the present study, 15 articles were considered valid for achieving the set objective, including reviews and meta-analyses, randomized controlled studies, prospective cohort studies and case reports. Several outcomes relevant to the topic covered were identified.

CONCLUSIONS: Reports have shown that virtual reality has a positive effect on alleviating pre-operative anxiety and that it also has favorable outcomes on post-operative pain, vital signs, length of hospitalization, pre-operative preparation and person's satisfaction about the assistance received. Nurses play an essential role in managing patients' peri-operative pain and anxiety, acting as professionals and supporting patient’s emotional sphere.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Agüero‐Millan B, Abajas‐Bustillo R, Ortego‐Maté C. Efficacy of nonpharmacologic interventions in preoperative anxiety: A systematic review of systematic reviews. Journal of Clinical Nursing. settembre 2023;32(17–18):6229–42.

2. Amiri A, Jalali R, Salari N. The effect of using virtual reality technology on anxiety and vital signs before surgery in patients undergoing open heart surgery. Perioper Med. 24 novembre 2023;12(1):62.

3. Banu Cevik. The Evaluation of Anxiety Levels and Determinant Factors in Preoperative Patients. International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences. 2018;7(1):135–43.

4. Asiri S, Guilhermino M, Duff J. The effectiveness of using virtual reality technology for perioperative anxiety among adults undergoing elective surgery: a randomised controlled trial protocol. Trials. 2 dicembre 2022;23(1):972.

5. American Psychiatric Association. Cosa sono i disturbi d’ansia? [Internet]. Disponibile su: https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/anxiety-disorders/what-are-anxiety-disorders

6. Mbewe AM, Smith Z. Effectiveness of virtual reality interventions to reduce pre-operative anxiety in adult surgical patients in the pre-operative period: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Perioperative Nursing [Internet]. 30 giugno 2023 [citato 31 gennaio 2024];36(2). Disponibile su: https://www.journal.acorn.org.au/jpn/vol36/iss2/5

7. Clair C, Engström Å, Strömbäck U. Strategies to Relieve Patients’ Preoperative Anxiety Before Anesthesia: Experiences of Nurse Anesthetists. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing. giugno 2020;35(3):314–20.

8. Chan JJI, Yeam CT, Kee HM, Tan CW, Sultana R, Sia ATH, et al. The use of pre-operative virtual reality to reduce anxiety in women undergoing gynecological surgeries: a prospective cohort study. BMC Anesthesiol. dicembre 2020;20(1):261.

9. Yu Y, Zhou X, Zeng G, Hou Y. Impact of Virtual Operating Room Tours on Relieving Perioperative Anxiety in Adult Patients: A Systematic Review. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing. agosto 2023;38(4):657-663.e7.

10. Flores A, Hoffman HG, Navarro-Haro MV, Garcia-Palacios A, Atzori B, Le May S, et al. Using Immersive Virtual Reality Distraction to Reduce Fear and Anxiety before Surgery. Healthcare (Basel). 9 ottobre 2023;11(19):2697.

11. Ugras GA, Kanat C, Yaman Z, Yilmaz M, Turkmenoglu MO. The Effects of Virtual Reality on Preoperative Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Colorectal and Abdominal Wall Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing. aprile 2023;38(2):277–83.

12. Gao Y, Wang N, Liu N. Effectiveness of virtual reality in reducing preoperative anxiety in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adv Nurs. ottobre 2023;79(10):3678–90.

13. Rousseaux F, Faymonville ME, Nyssen AS, Dardenne N, Ledoux D, Massion PB, et al. Can hypnosis and virtual reality reduce anxiety, pain and fatigue among patients who undergo cardiac surgery: a randomised controlled trial. Trials. dicembre 2020;21(1):330.

14. Abbasnia F, Aghebati N, Miri HH, Etezadpour M. Effects of Patient Education and Distraction Approaches Using Virtual Reality on Pre-operative Anxiety and Post-operative Pain in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Pain Manag Nurs. giugno 2023;24(3):280–8.

15. Chiu PL, Li H, Yap KYL, Lam K man C, Yip P ling R, Wong CL. Virtual Reality–Based Intervention to Reduce Preoperative Anxiety in Adults Undergoing Elective Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 31 ottobre 2023;6(10):e2340588.

16. Álvarez-García C, Yaban ZŞ. The effects of preoperative guided imagery interventions on preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain: A meta-analysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract. febbraio 2020;38:101077.

17. Felix MMDS, Ferreira MBG, Oliveira LF de, Barichello E, Pires P da S, Barbosa MH. Guided imagery relaxation therapy on preoperative anxiety: a randomized clinical trial. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 29 novembre 2018;26:e3101.

18. Kapikiran G, Bulbuloglu S, Saritas S. The Effect of Video Training before Organ Transplant Surgery on Patient Satisfaction and Anxiety: Head Mounted Display Effect. Clinical Simulation in Nursing. gennaio 2022;62:99–106.

19. Xu H, Hou J, Zhou J, Wang S. Effects of Virtual Reality on Preoperative Anxiety in Adult Patients: An Updated Meta-analysis. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing. settembre 2024;S108994722400193X.

20. Wang S, Lim SH, Aloweni FBAB. Virtual reality interventions and the outcome measures of adult patients in acute care settings undergoing surgical procedures: An integrative review. J Adv Nurs. marzo 2022;78(3):645–65.

21. Turrado V, Guzmán Y, Jiménez-Lillo J, Villegas E, De Lacy FB, Blanch J, et al. Exposure to virtual reality as a tool to reduce peri-operative anxiety in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery: a single-center prospective randomized clinical trial. Surg Endosc. luglio 2021;35(7):4042–7.

22. Güneş H, Sarıtaş S. The Effects of Virtual Reality Intervention Before Total Knee Arthroplasty on Pain, Anxiety, and Vital Signs. Clinical Simulation in Nursing. febbraio 2024;87:101410.

23. Bidgoli ZA, Sadat Z, Zarei M, Ajorpaz NM, Hossеinian M. Does a 30-minute introductory visit to the operating room reduce patients’ anxiety before elective surgery? a prospective controlled observational study. Patient Saf Surg. 11 dicembre 2023;17(1):31.

24. Aust H, Eberhart L, Sturm T, Schuster M, Nestoriuc Y, Brehm F, et al. A cross-sectional study on preoperative anxiety in adults. J Psychosom Res. agosto 2018;111:133–9.

25. Fabrizio Pincelli. Digital Health: cos’è e quali applicazioni permettono di indirizzare la sanità verso una nuova normalità [Internet]. 2021. Disponibile su: https://www.agendadigitale.eu/sanita/digital-health-cose-e-quali-applicazioni-permettono-di-indirizzare-la-sanita-verso-una-nuova-normalita/

26. Sara Scarpinati. Digital Health Italia. 2024. Terapie Digitali: dalla teoria al letto del paziente. Disponibile su: https://digitalhealthitalia.com/terapie-digitali-dalla-teoria-al-letto-del-paziente/

27. Ministero della Salute. Servizio Sanitario Nazionale: i LEA [Internet]. 2019. Disponibile su: https://www.salute.gov.it/portale/lea/dettaglioContenutiLea.jsp?lingua=italiano&id=1300&area=Lea&menu=leaEssn

28. L. O. Eurobarometro 2021, italiani “tecno-scettici”: solo per 3 su 10 il digitale porterà vantaggi [Internet]. 2021. Disponibile su: https://www.corrierecomunicazioni.it/digital-economy/eurobarometro-2021-italiani-tecno-scettici-solo-per-3-su-10-il-digitale-portera-vantaggi/

29. Istituto Superiore di Sanità. L’invecchiamento della popolazione: opportunità o sfida? [Internet]. Disponibile su: https://www.epicentro.iss.it/ben/2012/aprile/2

30. Lim K, Jung S, Kim H. Integrative review of non-pharmacological intervention and multidimensional evaluation for intraoperative anxiety under spinal anaesthesia. J Clin Nurs. maggio 2023;32(9–10):2114–27.