Prevalence, Sociodemographic and Clinical Determinants of Readiness for Enhanced Health Literacy Among Unaccompanied Adolescent Male Migrants

Claudia Fantuzzi; Giovanna Luccarelli; Lorenzo Sterle; Francesco Zanuttin; Stefano Bardari; Gianfranco Sanson

doi:10.54103/dn/28747

Authors

Claudia Fantuzzi Bachelor School of Nursing, University of Trieste https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7077-8596
Giovanna Luccarelli Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina – Trieste, Italy
Lorenzo Sterle University of Trieste – Trieste, Italy
Francesco Zanuttin Donk Humanitarian Medicine odv https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5458-8063
Stefano Bardari Donk Humanitarian Medicine odv
Gianfranco Sanson Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8319-635X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54103/dn/28747

Keywords:

health literacy, migrants, minors, nursing diagnosis

Abstract

Background

Migration to Europe has surged due to recent crises, creating healthcare challenges for Unaccompanied Foreign Minors (UAFMs). The Balkan corridor, with Italy as a key entry point, highlights barriers like language and cultural differences that hinder healthcare access.

Methods

This study assessed the prevalence of "Readiness for Enhanced Health Literacy" (REHL) NANDA-I nursing diagnosis (code 00262) among 185 male UAFMs and explored its defining characteristics and predictors.

Findings

A 36.8% prevalence of REHL was found, with higher rates among individuals from Kosovo and those with English proficiency. Specific defining characteristics, such as the desire to understand local customs for healthcare decisions, demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy. The analysis indicated that cultural background and language skills significantly influence HL readiness among UAFMs.

Conclusions

Nurses must adopt culturally sensitive approaches and consider the unique needs of UAFMs when delivering healthcare. This involves enhancing their readiness for health literacy through customized interventions, thereby improving overall health outcomes for this vulnerable population. Culturally tailored healthcare is essential to improve HL among UAFMs. Nurses play a key role in addressing these needs, emphasizing the importance of targeted strategies and further research.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Abikova J, Piotrowicz W. Shaping the Balkan corridor: Development and changes in the migration route 2015–16. Int Migr. 2021;59(5):248–65.

2. El-Shaarawi N, Razsa M. Movements upon movements: Refugee and activist struggles to open the Balkan route to Europe. Hist Anthropol. 2019 Jan 1;30(1):91–112.

3. European Union Agency for Asylum. Asylum report 2024: annual report on the situation of asylum in the European Union. [Internet]. LU: Publications Office; 2024 [cited 2024 Jul 10]. Available from: https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2847/71363

4. Takahashi M, Poljak J. Economic and social aspects of unaccompanied children migration in Europe. In: Rassameethes B, Meeampol S, Suwannarat P, editors. Economic and Social Development (Book of Proceedings), 112th International Scientific Conference on Economic and Social Development - ‘Creating a unified foundation for Sustainable Development: Interdisciplinarity in Research and Education’ [Internet]. Varazdin Development and Entrepreneurship Agency and University North; 2024. Available from: https://www.esd-conference.com/upload/book_of_proceedings/Book_of_Proceedings_esdVarazdin2024_Online.pdf

5. Bergesio N, Bialasiewicz L. The entangled geographies of responsibility: Contested policy narratives of migration governance along the Balkan Route. Environ Plan Soc Space. 2023 Feb 1;41(1):33–55.

6. O Donnell R, Hagan M. Reference document on Unaccompanied children. European Commission; 2014.

7. Morgano F. Unaccompanied Minors (UAMS) in the European Union. CESPI; 2020 p. 17. (Osservatorio Nazionale sui Minori Stranieri non accompagnati - National Observatory on Unaccompanied Foreign Minors). Report No.: 4/ july 2020.

8. Lebano A, Hamed S, Bradby H, Gil-Salmerón A, Durá-Ferrandis E, Garcés-Ferrer J, et al. Migrants’ and refugees’ health status and healthcare in Europe: a scoping literature review. BMC Public Health. 2020 Jun 30;20(1):1039.

9. Parnell TA. Health Literacy: History, Definitions, and Models [Internet]. Springer Publishing Company; 2023 [cited 2024 Jul 9]. Available from: https://connect.springerpub.com/content/book/978-0-8261-6173-4/part/part01/chapter/ch01

10. Parker RM, Ratzan S. Re-enforce, Not Re-Define Health Literacy—Moving Forward with Health Literacy 2.0. J Health Commun. 2019 Dec 2;24(12):923–5.

11. World Health Organization. Health promotion glossary of terms 2021. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021.

12. Correro-Bermejo A, Fernández-Gutiérrez M, Poza-Méndez M, Bas-Sarmiento P. Content and Clinical Validation of the Nursing Outcome “Health Literacy Behaviour”: A Validation Protocol. Healthcare. 2023 Feb 7;11(4):481.

13. Herdman TH, Kamitsuru S. Nursing Diagnoses 2018-2020: Definitions and Classification: Definitions & Classification, 2018-2020. 11th edition. New York Stuttgart Delhi Rio de Janeiro: Thieme Medical Pub; 2017. 473 p.

14. von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for Reporting Observational Studies. Ann Intern Med. 2007 Oct 16;147(8):573–7.

15. FAAN MGPR. Nursing Diagnosis: Process and Application. 3rd edition. St. Louis London: Mosby; 1993. 416 p.

16. Hajdari L, Krasniqi J. The economic dimension of migration: Kosovo from 2015 to 2020. Humanit Soc Sci Commun. 2021 Nov 17;8(1):1–8.

17. van der Meer AS, Durlach F, Szota K, Christiansen H. ‘I can’t describe how I could get better, but I would like to’ - Conception of health and illness of refugee youth in Germany. Front Psychol. 2023;14:1107889.

18. Roser M, Ortiz-Ospina E. Literacy. Our World Data [Internet]. 2024 Mar 6 [cited 2024 Aug 29]; Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/literacy

19. UNICEF Afghanistan. Education [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2024 Sep 3]. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/afghanistan/education

20. Hunter R, World Education Services. WENR. 2020 [cited 2024 Sep 3]. Education in Pakistan. Available from: https://wenr.wes.org/2020/02/education-in-pakistan

21. United Nations in Kosovo. Early Childhood Development in Kosovo: A Leap Forward Enacted with the New Law [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2024 Sep 3]. Available from: https://kosovoteam.un.org/en/266068-early-childhood-development-kosovo-leap-forward-enacted-new-law, https://kosovoteam.un.org/en/266068-early-childhood-development-kosovo-leap-forward-enacted-new-law

22. European External Action Service. EEAS. 2021 [cited 2024 Nov 18]. The European Union and Kosovo. Available from: https://www.eeas.europa.eu/kosovo/eu-and-kosovo_en?s=321

23. Crystal D. English as a Global Language [Internet]. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press; 2003 [cited 2024 Sep 3]. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9780511486999/type/book

24. European Education and Culture Executive Agency. Compulsory education in Europe: 2022/2023. [Internet]. LU: Publications Office; 2022 [cited 2024 Aug 29]. Available from: https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2797/235076

25. Sørensen K, Van den Broucke S, Fullam J, Doyle G, Pelikan J, Slonska Z, et al. Health literacy and public health: a systematic review and integration of definitions and models. BMC Public Health. 2012 Jan 25;12:80.